| more general categories |
information about this item |
|
| 10. Noble Prize |
 |
|
|
|
|
10. Noble Prize |
|
|
|
Physics (209) |
|
|
| 11. Award Year |
|
|
|
|
|
11. Award Year |
|
|
|
1927 (7) |
|
|
| 12. Winner Type |
|
|
|
|
|
12. Winner Type |
|
|
|
Person (904) |
|
|
| 13. Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
13. Gender |
|
|
|
Male (853) |
|
|
| 14. Birth Year |
|
|
|
|
|
14. Birth Year |
|
|
|
1892 (8) |
|
|
| 15. Place of Birth |
|
|
|
|
|
15. Place of Birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wooster (1) |
|
|
| 16. Death Year |
|
|
|
|
|
16. Death Year |
|
|
|
1962 (4) |
|
|
| 17. Place of Death |
|
|
|
|
|
17. Place of Death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkeley (8) |
|
|
| 19. Given Name |
|
|
|
|
|
19. Given Name |
|
|
|
A (79) |
|
|
| 20. Family Name |
|
|
|
|
|
20. Family Name |
|
|
|
C (49) |
|
|
| 21. Shared Given Name |
|
|
|
|
|
21. Shared Given Name |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arthur (8) |
|
|
| 23. Religion |
|
|
|
|
|
23. Religion |
|
|
|
Apostasy in Catholicism (17) |
|
|
| 24. Age at Award Time |
|
|
|
|
|
24. Age at Award Time |
|
|
|
36 (6) |
|
|
| 32. Occupations |
|
|
|
|
|
32. Occupations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Physicists (206) |
|
|
| 34. Citizens |
|
|
|
|
|
34. Citizens |
|
|
|
United States (307) |
|
|
| 37. Worked for College or University |
|
|
|
|
|
37. Worked for College or University |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
University of Chicago (21) |
|
|
| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
|
|
|
|
|
42. Affilliation with College or University |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term academic staff (54) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term academic staff (36) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alumni (19) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term academic staff (45) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term academic staff (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term academic staff (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term academic staff (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term academic staff (8) |
|
|
| 44. Memberships |
|
|
|
|
|
44. Memberships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
|
|
|
American Association for the Advancement of Science (95) |
|
|
|
American Philosophical Society (126) |
|
|
|
American Physical Society (113) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (179) |
|
|
|
Lincean Academy (51) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (64) |
|
|
|
Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (54) |
|
|
| 45. Other Awards |
|
|
|
|
|
45. Other Awards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Franklin Medal (45) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hughes Medal (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (102) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matteucci Medal (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (65) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Richtmyer Memorial Award (23) |
|
|
|
Rumford Prize (16) |
|
|
|
X-ray badge (9) |
|
|
| 46. Carnegie Hall Performer |
|
|
|
|
|
46. Carnegie Hall Performer |
|
|
|
Performer (31) |
|
|
| complete name: |
Arthur Holly Compton |
| nobel prize: |
physics |
| award year: |
1927 |
| together with: |
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/2 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927 was divided equally between Arthur Holly Compton "for his discovery of the effect named after him" and Charles Thomson Rees Wilson "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| birth name: |
Arthur Holly Compton |
| given name: |
Arthur |
| family name: |
Compton |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| occupation: |
university teacher |
| occupation: |
nuclear scientist |
| occupation: |
theoretical physicist |
| field of work: |
atomic physics |
| work location: |
University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America |
| description: |
Arthur Holly Compton was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation. It was a sensational discovery at the time: the wave nature of light had been well-demonstrated, but the idea that light had both wave and particle properties was not easily accepted. He is also known for his leadership of the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory, and served as Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis from 1945 to 1953. In 1919, Compton was awarded one of the first two National Research Council Fellowships that allowed students to study abroad. He chose to go to Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory in England, where he studied the scattering and absorption of gamma rays. Further research along these lines led to the discovery of the Compton effect. He used X-rays to investigate ferromagnetism, concluding that it was a result of the alignment of electron spins, and studied cosmic rays, discovering that they were made up principally of positively charged particles. During World War II, Compton was a key figure in the Manhattan Project that developed the first nuclear weapons. His reports were important in launching the project. In 1942, he became head of the Metallurgical Laboratory, with responsibility for producing nuclear reactors to convert uranium into plutonium, finding ways to separate the plutonium from the uranium and to design an atomic bomb. Compton oversaw Enrico Fermi's creation of Chicago Pile-1, the first nuclear reactor, which went critical on December 2, 1942. The Metallurgical Laboratory was also responsible for the design and operation of the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Plutonium began being produced in the Hanford Site reactors in 1945. After the war, Compton became Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis. During his tenure, the university formally desegregated its undergraduate divisions, named its first female full professor, and enrolled a record number of students after wartime veterans returned to the United States. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1927. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1927/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1892 |
| date death: |
1962 |
| usual name: |
Arthur Compton |
