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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Physics (209) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1930s (56) 1935 (5) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1890s (65) 1891 (6) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Europe (459) Europe, western (207) United Kingdom (101) Bollington (1) 16. Death Year 16. Death Year 1970s (66) 1974 (5) 17. Place of Death 17. Place of Death Europe (331) Europe, western (182) United Kingdom (86) Cambridge (26) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name E-K (339) J (95) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name A-D (195) C (49) 21. Shared Given Name 21. Shared Given Name E-K (229) J (80) James (15) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Apostasy in Catholicism (17) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 40 - 49 (140) 45 (15) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Architecture and Engineering Occupations (7) Engineers (6) Nuclear Engineers (3) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Europe (450) Europe, western (223) United Kingdom (110) 37. Worked for College or University 37. Worked for College or University Europe (232) Europe, western (125) United Kingdom (64) Liverpool (1) Liverpool University (1) 42. Affilliation with College or University 42. Affilliation with College or University Europe (535) Europe, western (390) United Kingdom (235) Cambridge (118) University of Cambridge (118) Alumni (69) Long-term academic staff (44) Liverpool (10) University of Liverpool (10) Long-term academic staff (5) Manchester (25) University of Manchester (25) Alumni (9) 44. Memberships 44. Memberships A-D (656) A (635) American Philosophical Society (126) American Physical Society (113) E-P (571) P (109) Pontifical Academy of Sciences (83) R-T (460) R (448) Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (64) Royal Society (294) S (49) Saxon Academy of Sciences (11) 45. Other Awards 45. Other Awards A-B (362) B (132) Bakerian Lecture (30) C-D (404) C (272) Companion of Honour (2) Copley Medal (60) E-F (439) F (394) Faraday Medal (15) Faraday Medal and Prize (4) Fellow of the Royal Society (101) Franklin Medal (45) G-H (389) H (196) Hughes Medal (29) K-L (297) K (173) Knight Bachelor (22) M-N (333) M (172) Melchett Medal (1) O-P (364) P (242) Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (65) complete name: James Chadwick nobel prize: physics award year: 1935 prize share: Prize share: 1/1 rational: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935 was awarded to James Chadwick "for the discovery of the neutron." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture given name: James family name: Chadwick occupation: physicist occupation: university teacher occupation: nuclear scientist field of work: physics work location: University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom description: James Chadwick was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in England in 1945 for his achievements in physics. Chadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the "father of nuclear physics"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when the First World War broke out in Europe, he spent the next four years in the Ruhleben internment camp. After the war, Chadwick followed Rutherford to the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where Chadwick earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree under Rutherford's supervision from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1921. He was Rutherford's assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory for over a decade at a time when it was one of the world's foremost centres for the study of physics, attracting students like John Cockcroft, Norman Feather, and Mark Oliphant. Chadwick followed his discovery of the neutron by measuring its mass. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer. Chadwick left the Cavendish Laboratory in 1935 to become a professor of physics at the University of Liverpool, where he overhauled an antiquated laboratory and, by installing a cyclotron, made it an important centre for the study of nuclear physics. During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Liverpool lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959. image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1935. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/summary/> date birth: 1891 date death: 1974 usual name: James Chadwick
