| more general categories |
information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physics (209) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1939 (5) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1901 (10) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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Canton (1) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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1958 (8) |
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| 17. Place of Death |
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17. Place of Death |
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Palo Alto (7) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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E (55) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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L (47) |
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| 21. Shared Given Name |
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21. Shared Given Name |
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Ernest (4) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Apostasy in Catholicism (17) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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39 (10) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Physicists (206) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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University of California Berkeley (19) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (34) |
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Alumni (9) |
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Alumni (21) |
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Long-term academic staff (28) |
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Short-term academic staff (23) |
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Long-term academic staff (40) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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Indian National Science Academy (36) |
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (111) |
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Russian Academy of Sciences (144) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Comstock Prize in Physics (10) |
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Elliott Cresson Medal (30) |
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Enrico Fermi Award (9) |
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Faraday Medal (15) |
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Fellow of the American Physical Society (107) |
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Holley Medal (4) |
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Hughes Medal (29) |
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National Inventor Hall of Fame (33) |
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William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement (7) |
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| complete name: |
Ernest Orlando Lawrence |
| nobel prize: |
physics |
| award year: |
1939 |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/1 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939 was awarded to Ernest Orlando Lawrence "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| birth name: |
Ernest Orlando Lawrence |
| given name: |
Ernest |
| family name: |
Lawrence |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| occupation: |
university teacher |
| occupation: |
nuclear scientist |
| field of work: |
physics |
| work location: |
University of California, Berkeley, 200 California Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States of America |
| description: |
Ernest Orlando Lawrence was a pioneering American nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. He is known for his work on uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project, for founding the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A graduate of the University of South Dakota and University of Minnesota, Lawrence obtained a PhD in physics at Yale in 1925. In 1928, he was hired as an associate professor of physics at the University of California, becoming the youngest full professor there two years later. In its library one evening, Lawrence was intrigued by a diagram of an accelerator that produced high-energy particles. He contemplated how it could be made compact, and came up with an idea for a circular accelerating chamber between the poles of an electromagnet. The result was the first cyclotron. Lawrence went on to build a series of ever larger and more expensive cyclotrons. His Radiation Laboratory became an official department of the University of California in 1936, with Lawrence as its director. In addition to the use of the cyclotron for physics, Lawrence also supported its use in research into medical uses of radioisotopes. During World War II, Lawrence developed electromagnetic isotope separation at the Radiation Laboratory. It used devices known as calutrons, a hybrid of the standard laboratory mass spectrometer and cyclotron. A huge electromagnetic separation plant was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, which came to be called Y-12. The process was inefficient, but it worked. After the war, Lawrence campaigned extensively for government sponsorship of large scientific programs, and was a forceful advocate of "Big Science", with its requirements for big machines and big money. Lawrence strongly backed Edward Teller's campaign for a second nuclear weapons laboratory, which Lawrence located in Livermore, California. After his death, the Regents of the University of California renamed the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory after him. Chemical element number 103 was named lawrencium in his honor after its discovery at Berkeley in 1961. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1939. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1939/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1901 |
| date death: |
1958 |
| usual name: |
Ernest Lawrence |
