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complete name:	Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
nobel prize:	medicine
award year:	1960
together with:	Peter Medawar
prize share:	Prize share: 1/2
rational:	The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 was awarded jointly to Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance."
biography:	Biography
laureate facts:	Facts
laureate lecture:	Lecture
given name:	Frank
family name:	Burnet
occupation:	virologist
occupation:	immunologist
work location:	University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
description:	Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. He won the Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and was best known for developing the theory of clonal selection. Burnet received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Melbourne in 1924, and his PhD from the University of London in 1928. He went on to conduct pioneering research in microbiology and immunology at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, and served as director of the Institute from 1944 to 1965. From 1965 until his retirement in 1978, Burnet worked at the University of Melbourne. Throughout his career he played an active role in the development of public policy for the medical sciences in Australia and was a founding member of the Australian Academy of Science (AAS), and served as its president from 1965 to 1969. Burnet's major achievements in microbiology included discovering the causative agents of Q-fever and psittacosis; developing assays for the isolation, culture and detection of influenza virus; describing the recombination of influenza strains; demonstrating that the myxomatosis virus does not cause disease in humans. Modern methods for producing influenza vaccines are still based on Burnet's work improving virus growing processes in hen's eggs. Burnet was the most highly decorated and honoured scientist to have worked in Australia. For his contributions to Australian science, he was made the first Australian of the Year in 1960, and in 1978 a Knight of the Order of Australia. He was recognised internationally for his achievements: in addition to the Nobel, he received the Lasker Award and the Royal and Copley Medal from the Royal Society, honorary doctorates, and distinguished service honours from the Commonwealth of Nations and Japan. After a series of increasing health problems in his final years, Burnet died of cancer.
image copyright:	Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive.
image citation:	The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1960/summary/>
date birth:	1899
date death:	1985
usual name:	Frank Burnet