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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Peace (130) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1990s (104) 1993 (11) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1910s (117) 1918 (22) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Africa (26) Africa, southern (11) South Africa (9) Mvezo (1) 16. Death Year 16. Death Year 2010s (99) 2013 (18) 17. Place of Death 17. Place of Death Africa (9) Africa, southern (4) South Africa (3) Gauteng (1) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name L-R (240) N (18) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name L-R (258) M (84) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Christianity (158) Protestant (78) Methodist (11) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 70 - 79 (179) 76 (19) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Management Occupations (53) Top Executives (53) Legislators (53) 33. Ethnic Origins 33. Ethnic Origins Africa (15) Sub-Saharan Africa (15) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Africa (17) Africa, southern (7) South Africa (7) 35. Worked for Government 35. Worked for Government Africa (5) Africa, southern (2) South Africa (2) Leader (2) Prime Minister/President (2) 36. Government Status at Award Time 36. Government Status at Award Time Before office (6) 44. Memberships 44. Memberships A-D (656) A (635) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) 45. Other Awards 45. Other Awards G-H (389) H (196) Hungarian Order of Merit (1) M-N (333) N (205) National Order of Mali (1) Nishan-e-Pakistan (2) O-P (364) O (205) Order of Jamaica (1) Order of José Martí (2) Order of Liberty (2) Order of Playa Girón (2) Order of Prince Henry (2) Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise (2) Order of St. Olav (3) Order of Stara Planina (1) Order of the Aztec Eagle (3) Order of the Smile (2) Order of the Star of Ghana (1) complete name: Nelson Mandela nobel prize: peace award year: 1993 together with: F. W. de Klerk prize share: Prize share: 1/2 rational: The Nobel Peace Prize 1993 was awarded jointly to Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture birth name: Rolihlahla Mandela given name: Nelson family name: Mandela occupation: lawyer occupation: politician occupation: political activist occupation: autobiographer description: Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa, Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC and co-founding its Youth League. After the Afrikaner minority government of the National Party established apartheid—a system of racial segregation that privileged whites—he was appointed President of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 anti-apartheid Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was one of the activists unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and lead a sabotage campaign against the government. In 1962, he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state, and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial. Mandela served 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. Amid international pressure and growing fear of a racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President. Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. While retaining the former government's economic liberalism, his administration introduced measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on charitable work, combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the Nelson Mandela Foundation. Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. He received more than 250 honours, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the Soviet Lenin Peace Prize. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, or as Tata ("Father"), and described as the "Father of the Nation". pronunciation: (/mænˈdɛlə/) image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Peace Prize 1993. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/summary/> date birth: 1918 date death: 2013 usual name: Nelson Mandela
