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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Peace (130) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1990s (104) 1990 (11) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1930s (112) 1931 (14) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Asia (96) Russia (24) Privolnoye (1) 18. Living Winners 18. Living Winners Alive (292) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name L-R (240) M (50) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name E-K (239) G (47) 21. Shared Given Name 21. Shared Given Name L-R (156) M (30) Mikhail (2) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Christianity (158) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 60 - 69 (252) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Management Occupations (53) Top Executives (53) Legislators (53) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Asia (83) Russia (27) 35. Worked for Government 35. Worked for Government Asia (9) Russia (1) Leader (1) Prime Minister/President (1) 36. Government Status at Award Time 36. Government Status at Award Time During office (15) 42. Affilliation with College or University 42. Affilliation with College or University Asia (71) Russia (19) Moscow (15) Moscow State University (13) Alumni (7) 45. Other Awards 45. Other Awards A-B (362) A (285) Alexander Men Prize (1) C-D (404) C (272) Champions of the Earth (2) D (194) Delta Prize for Global Understanding (5) E-F (439) F (394) Free Your Mind (1) G-H (389) G (254) Grammy Award (3) Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2) Grand Cross special issue of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, special issue (1) Grawemeyer Award (3) H (196) Harvey Prize (16) M-N (333) M (172) Medal "In Commemoration of the 1500th Anniversary of Kiev" (1) N (205) North-South Prize (2) O-P (364) O (205) Order of Lenin (13) Order of St. Andrew (1) P (242) Philadelphia Liberty Medal (10) Q-Z (398) R (196) Ronald Reagan Freedom Award (2) complete name: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, Order of Liberty nobel prize: peace award year: 1990 prize share: Prize share: 1/1 rational: The Nobel Peace Prize 1990 was awarded to Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture birth name: Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв given name: Mikhail family name: Gorbachev occupation: lawyer occupation: politician description: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, Order of Liberty is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, when the party was dissolved. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian-Russian family, and in his teens, operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Regional Committee, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the death of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, following the brief "interregna" of Andropov and Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected general secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in Western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level. Gorbachev's policies of glasnost ("openness") and perestroika ("restructuring") and his reorientation of Soviet strategic aims contributed to the end of the Cold War. He removed the constitutional role of the Communist Party in governing the state, which inadvertently led to a surge of regional nationalist and anti-communist demagoguery and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Otto Hahn Peace Medal in 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 and the Harvey Prize in 1992, as well as honorary doctorates from various universities. In September 2008, Gorbachev and business oligarch Alexander Lebedev announced they would form the Independent Democratic Party of Russia, and in May 2009 Gorbachev announced that the launch was imminent. This was Gorbachev's third attempt to establish a political party, having started the Social Democratic Party of Russia in 2001 and the Union of Social Democrats in 2007. pronunciation: (/ˈɡɔːrbəˌtʃɒf/; Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf]) image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Peace Prize 1990. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1990/summary/> date birth: 1931 usual name: Mikhail Gorbachev
