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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physics (209) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1983 (7) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1910 (10) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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Lahore (1) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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1995 (10) |
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Chicago (10) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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S (39) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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C (49) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Atheism (75) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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74 (21) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Mathematicians (15) |
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| 33. Ethnic Origins |
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33. Ethnic Origins |
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India (9) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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University of Chicago (21) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Long-term academic staff (45) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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American Astronomical Society (9) |
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Indian National Science Academy (36) |
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Royal Society (294) |
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The World Academy of Sciences (12) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Adams Prize (3) |
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Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (27) |
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Bruce Medal (5) |
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Copley Medal (60) |
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Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics (8) |
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Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (7) |
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Henry Draper Medal (9) |
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Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (5) |
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Humboldt Prize (30) |
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Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (13) |
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Marcel Grossmann Award (2) |
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National Medal of Science (101) |
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Richtmyer Memorial Award (23) |
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Royal Medal (50) |
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Rumford Prize (16) |
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Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal (1) |
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| complete name: |
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
| nobel prize: |
physics |
| award year: |
1983 |
| together with: |
William Alfred Fowler |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/2 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 was divided equally between Subramanyan Chandrasekhar "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars" and William Alfred Fowler "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Subrahmanyan |
| family name: |
Chandrasekhar |
| occupation: |
astronomer |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| occupation: |
mathematician |
| field of work: |
astrophysics |
| work location: |
University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America |
| description: |
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian American astrophysicist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics with William A. Fowler "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars". His mathematical treatment of stellar evolution yielded many of the best current theoretical models of the later evolutionary stages of massive star and black holes. The Chandrasekhar limit is named after him. Chandrasekhar worked on a wide variety of astrophysical problems in his lifetime, contributing to the contemporary understanding of stellar structure, white dwarves, stellar dynamics, radiative transfer, the quantum theory of the hydrogen anion, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability, equilibrium and the stability of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium, general relativity, mathematical theory of black holes and theory of colliding gravitational waves. At the University of Cambridge, he developed a theoretical model explaining the structure of white dwarf stars that took into account the relativistic variation of mass with the velocities of electrons that comprise their degenerate matter. He showed that the mass of a white dwarf could not exceed 1.44 times that of the Sun - the Chandrasekhar limit. Chandrasekhar revised the models of stellar dynamics first outlined by Jan Oort and others by considering the effects of fluctuating gravitational fields within the Milky Way on stars rotating about the galactic centre. His solution to this complex dynamical problem involved a set of twenty partial differential equations, describing a new quantity he termed ‘dynamical friction’, which has the dual effects of decelerating the star and helping to stabilize clusters of stars. Chandrasekhar extended this analysis to the interstellar medium, showing that clouds of galactic gas and dust are distributed very unevenly. Chandrasekhar studied at Presidency College, Madras (now Chennai) and University of Cambridge. He spent most of his career at the University of Chicago, spending some time in its Yerkes Observatory, and serving as editor of The Astrophysical Journal from 1952 to 1971. He served on the University of Chicago faculty from 1937 until his death in 1995 at the age of 84. Chandrasekhar married Lalitha Doraiswamy in September 1936. He had met her as a fellow student at Presidency College, Madras. Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1953. |
| pronunciation: |
(/ˌtʃʌndrəˈʃeɪkər/), |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1983/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1910 |
| date death: |
1995 |
| usual name: |
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar |
