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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Physics (209) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1950s (72) 1954 (8) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1880s (52) 1882 (4) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Europe (459) Europe, eastern (65) Poland (25) Wrocław (4) 16. Death Year 16. Death Year 1970s (66) 1970 (8) 17. Place of Death 17. Place of Death Europe (331) Europe, central (62) Germany (56) Göttingen (7) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name L-R (240) M (50) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name A-D (195) B (80) 21. Shared Given Name 21. Shared Given Name L-R (156) M (30) Max (6) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Judaism (160) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 70 - 79 (179) 73 (18) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations (601) Physical Scientists (333) Astronomers and Physicists (222) Physicists (206) 33. Ethnic Origins 33. Ethnic Origins Asia (244) Middle East (197) Israel (197) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Europe (450) Europe, central (117) Germany (98) 37. Worked for College or University 37. Worked for College or University Europe (232) Europe, western (125) United Kingdom (64) Edinburgh (3) University of Edinburgh (3) 42. Affilliation with College or University 42. Affilliation with College or University Europe (535) Europe, central (165) Germany (154) Berlin (62) Humboldt University of Berlin (56) Long-term academic staff (20) Frankfurt (20) Goethe University Frankfurt (University of Frankfurt) (20) Long-term academic staff (4) Göttingen (44) University of Göttingen (44) Alumni (20) Long-term academic staff (12) Heidelberg (27) University of Heidelberg (27) Alumni (15) Europe, eastern (13) Poland (12) Breslau (11) University of Wrocław (University of Breslau) (11) Alumni (5) Short-term academic staff (1) Europe, western (390) Switzerland (65) Zurich (49) University of Zurich (23) Alumni (8) United Kingdom (235) Cambridge (118) University of Cambridge (118) Short-term academic staff (54) Edinburgh (19) University of Edinburgh (19) Long-term academic staff (5) 44. Memberships 44. Memberships A-D (656) A (635) Academy of Sciences of the USSR (80) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) E-P (571) G (195) German Academy of Sciences at Berlin (32) German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (179) Göttingen Academy of Sciences (26) Göttingen Eighteen (5) R-T (460) R (448) Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (54) Royal Society (294) Royal Society of Edinburgh (19) Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (111) Russian Academy of Sciences (144) 45. Other Awards 45. Other Awards E-F (439) F (394) Fellow of the Royal Society (101) Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (9) G-H (389) G (254) Great Cross with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (23) H (196) Hughes Medal (29) M-N (333) M (172) Max Planck Medal (20) complete name: Max Born nobel prize: physics award year: 1954 together with: Walther Bothe prize share: Prize share: 1/2 rational: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954 was divided equally between Max Born "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" and Walther Bothe "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture given name: Max family name: Born occupation: scientist occupation: physicist occupation: mathematician occupation: university teacher occupation: academic occupation: non-fiction writer occupation: theoretical physicist field of work: theoretical physics work location: Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany description: Max Born was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 1930s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function". Born in 1882 in Breslau, then in Germany, now in Poland and known as Wrocław, Born entered the University of Göttingen in 1904, where he found the three renowned mathematicians, Felix Klein, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the subject of "Stability of Elastica in a Plane and Space", winning the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. In 1905, he began researching special relativity with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom. A chance meeting with Fritz Haber in Berlin in 1918 led to discussion of the manner in which an ionic compound is formed when a metal reacts with a halogen, which is today known as the Born-Haber cycle. In the First World War, after originally being placed as a radio operator, he was moved to research duties regarding sound ranging due to his specialist knowledge. In 1921, Born returned to Göttingen, arranging another chair for his long-time friend and colleague James Franck. Under Born, Göttingen became one of the world's foremost centres for physics. In 1925, Born and Werner Heisenberg formulated the matrix mechanics representation of quantum mechanics. The following year, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density function for ψ*ψ in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. His influence extended far beyond his own research. Max Delbrück, Siegfried Flügge, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim, Robert Oppenheimer, and Victor Weisskopf all received their Ph.D. degrees under Born at Göttingen, and his assistants included Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg, Gerhard Herzberg, Friedrich Hund, Pascual Jordan, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner. In January 1933, the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, and Born, who was Jewish, was suspended. He emigrated to Britain, where he took a job at St John's College, Cambridge, and wrote a popular science book, The Restless Universe, as well as Atomic Physics, which soon became a standard textbook. In October 1936, he became the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, where, working with German-born assistants E. Walter Kellermann and Klaus Fuchs, he continued his research into physics. Max Born became a naturalised British subject on 31 August 1939, one day before World War II broke out in Europe. He remained at Edinburgh until 1952. He retired to Bad Pyrmont, in West Germany, and died in a hospital in Göttingen on 5 January 1970. pronunciation: (German: [bɔɐ̯n]) image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1954. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1954/summary/> date birth: 1882 date death: 1970 usual name: Max Born
