| more general categories |
information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physiology or Medicine (216) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1983 (7) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Female (51) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1902 (13) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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Hartford (2) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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1992 (6) |
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| 17. Place of Death |
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17. Place of Death |
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Huntington (1) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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B (24) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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M (84) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Source data not available (465) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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82 (6) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Biological Scientists (181) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 39. Worked for Medical Organization |
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39. Worked for Medical Organization |
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Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (18) |
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Short-term academic staff (26) |
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Short-term academic staff (40) |
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| 43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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Erasmus Hall High School (2) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science (95) |
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American Philosophical Society (126) |
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National Academy of Sciences (334) |
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Royal Society (294) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (84) |
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Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame (1) |
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Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer (14) |
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John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (102) |
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Kimber Genetics Award (5) |
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Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (50) |
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MacArthur Fellows Program (8) |
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National Medal of Science (101) |
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National Women's Hall of Fame (7) |
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Rosenstiel Award (36) |
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Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal (4) |
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Wolf Prize in Medicine (19) |
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| complete name: |
Barbara McClintock |
| nobel prize: |
medicine |
| award year: |
1983 |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/1 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983 was awarded to Barbara McClintock "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Barbara |
| family name: |
McClintock |
| occupation: |
geneticist |
| field of work: |
genetics |
| work location: |
University of Missouri, 105 Jesse Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States of America |
| description: |
Barbara McClintock was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. There she started her career as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics, the focus of her research for the rest of her life. From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize. She developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas. One of those ideas was the notion of genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis—a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information. She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome to physical traits. She demonstrated the role of the telomere and centromere, regions of the chromosome that are important in the conservation of genetic information. She was recognized among the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944. During the 1940s and 1950s, McClintock discovered transposition and used it to demonstrate that genes are responsible for turning physical characteristics on and off. She developed theories to explain the suppression and expression of genetic information from one generation of maize plants to the next. Due to skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953. Later, she made an extensive study of the cytogenetics and ethnobotany of maize races from South America. McClintock's research became well understood in the 1960s and 1970s, as other scientists confirmed the mechanisms of genetic change and genetic regulation that she had demonstrated in her maize research in the 1940s and 1950s. Awards and recognition for her contributions to the field followed, including the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, awarded to her in 1983 for the discovery of genetic transposition; she is the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in that category. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1983/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1902 |
| date death: |
1992 |
| usual name: |
Barbara McClintock |
