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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Peace (130) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1970s (104) 1978 (11) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1910s (117) 1913 (9) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Europe (459) Europe, eastern (65) Belarus (4) Brest (1) 16. Death Year 16. Death Year 1990s (82) 1992 (6) 17. Place of Death 17. Place of Death Asia (33) Middle East (4) Israel (4) Tel Aviv (3) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name L-R (240) M (50) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name A-D (195) B (80) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Judaism (160) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 60 - 69 (252) 66 (17) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Management Occupations (53) Top Executives (53) Legislators (53) 33. Ethnic Origins 33. Ethnic Origins Asia (244) Middle East (197) Israel (197) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Asia (83) Middle East (16) Israel (10) 35. Worked for Government 35. Worked for Government Asia (9) Middle East (4) Israel (3) Leader (3) Prime Minister/President (3) 36. Government Status at Award Time 36. Government Status at Award Time During office (15) complete name: Menachem Begin nobel prize: peace award year: 1978 together with: Anwar el Sadat prize share: Prize share: 1/2 rational: The Nobel Peace Prize 1978 was awarded jointly to Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture given name: Menachem family name: Begin occupation: politician description: Menachem Begin was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before the creation of the state of Israel, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944, against the British mandatory government, which was opposed by the Jewish Agency. As head of the Irgun, he targeted the British in Palestine. Later, the Irgun fought the Arabs during the 1947-48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. Begin was elected to the first Knesset, as head of Herut, the party he founded, and was at first on the political fringe, embodying the opposition to the Mapai-led government and Israeli establishment. He remained in opposition in the eight consecutive elections (except for a national unity government around the Six-Day War), but became more acceptable to the political center. His 1977 electoral victory and premiership ended three decades of Labor Party political dominance. Begin’s most significant achievement as Prime Minister was the signing of a peace treaty with Egypt in 1979, for which he and Anwar Sadat shared the Nobel Prize for Peace. In the wake of the Camp David Accords, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula, which was captured from Egypt in the Six-Day War. Later, Begin’s government promoted the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Begin authorized the bombing of the Osirak nuclear plant in Iraq and the invasion of Lebanon in 1982 to fight PLO strongholds there, igniting the 1982 Lebanon War. As Israeli military involvement in Lebanon deepened, and the Sabra and Shatila massacre, carried out by Christian Phalangist militia allies of the Israelis, shocked world public opinion, Begin grew increasingly isolated. As IDF forces remained mired in Lebanon and the economy suffered from hyperinflation, the public pressure on Begin mounted. Depressed by the death of his wife Aliza in November 1982, he gradually withdrew from public life, until his resignation in October 1983. pronunciation: (Hebrew: מְנַחֵם בֵּגִין Menahem Begin, Polish: Mieczysław Biegun; Russian: Менахем Вольфович Бегин Menakhem Volfovich Begin) image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Peace Prize 1978. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1978/summary/> date birth: 1913 date death: 1992 usual name: Menachem Begin
