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Carnegie Hall Performer Performer (31) complete name: Marie Curie, née Sklodowska nobel prize: physics award year: 1903 together with: Pierre Curie together with: Henri Becquerel prize share: Prize share: 1/4 rational: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 was divided, one half awarded to Antoine Henri Becquerel "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity", the other half jointly to Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel." biography: Biography 1903 laureate facts: Facts 1903 laureate lecture: Lecture 1903 nobel prize: chemistry award year: 1911 prize share: Prize share: 1/1 rational: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 was awarded to Marie Curie, née Sklodowska "in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element." biography: Biography 1911 laureate facts: Facts 1911 laureate lecture: Lecture 1911 birth name: Marya Salomea Skłodowska given name: Marie family name: Curie occupation: physicist occupation: chemist occupation: university teacher occupation: nuclear scientist field of work: physics field of work: chemistry field of work: radioactivity work location: University of Paris, Paris, France description: Marie Curie, née Sklodowska was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Floating University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I, she established the first military field radiological centres. While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie (she used both surnames) never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element that she discovered—polonium, which she isolated in 1898—after her native country. Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation while carrying test tubes of radium in her pockets during research, and in the course of her service in World War I mobile X-ray units that she had set up. pronunciation: (/ˈkjʊri, kjʊˈriː/; French: [kyʁi]; Polish: [kʲiˈri]), born Maria Salomea Skłodowska [ˈmarja salɔˈmɛa skwɔˈdɔfska], image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1903/summary/> image citation: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1911/summary/> date birth: 1867 date death: 1934 usual name: Marie Curie
