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more general categories information about this item 10. Noble Prize 10. Noble Prize Physiology or Medicine (216) 11. Award Year 11. Award Year 1930s (56) 1936 (7) 12. Winner Type 12. Winner Type Person (904) 13. Gender 13. Gender Male (853) 14. Birth Year 14. Birth Year 1870s (42) 1873 (4) 15. Place of Birth 15. Place of Birth Europe (459) Europe, central (101) Germany (84) Frankfurt (5) 16. Death Year 16. Death Year 1960s (49) 1961 (7) 17. Place of Death 17. Place of Death North America (223) United States (214) Northeastern states (77) New York (38) New York City (24) 19. Given Name 19. Given Name L-R (240) O (17) 20. Family Name 20. Family Name L-R (258) L (47) 21. Shared Given Name 21. Shared Given Name L-R (156) O (12) Otto (7) 23. Religion 23. Religion Religious group (353) Judaism (160) 24. Age at Award Time 24. Age at Award Time 60 - 69 (252) 64 (34) 32. Occupations 32. Occupations Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations (70) Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners (69) Pharmacists (3) 33. Ethnic Origins 33. Ethnic Origins Asia (244) Middle East (197) Israel (197) 34. Citizens 34. Citizens Europe (450) Europe, central (117) Germany (98) 37. Worked for College or University 37. Worked for College or University Europe (232) Europe, central (70) Austria (6) Graz (2) Graz University (2) 42. Affilliation with College or University 42. Affilliation with College or University Europe (535) Europe, central (165) Austria (24) Graz (12) University of Graz (12) Long-term academic staff (6) Vienna (20) University of Vienna (20) Long-term academic staff (6) Germany (154) Frankfurt (20) Goethe University Frankfurt (University of Frankfurt) (20) Short-term academic staff (9) Munich (51) University of Munich (42) Alumni (28) Europe, western (390) Belgium (17) Brussels (9) Université Libre de Bruxelles (Free University of Brussels) (9) Short-term academic staff (3) France (92) Strasbourg (20) University of Strasbourg (20) Alumni (12) United Kingdom (235) London (82) University College London (33) Short-term academic staff (14) North America (529) United States (521) Northeastern states (374) New York (216) New York City (168) New York University (38) Long-term academic staff (13) 44. Memberships 44. Memberships A-D (656) A (635) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) B (102) Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (67) E-P (571) G (195) German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (179) R-T (460) R (448) Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium (20) Royal Society (294) 45. Other Awards 45. Other Awards C-D (404) C (272) Carl-Ludwig Honorary Medal (3) K-L (297) L (183) Lieben Prize (4) Q-Z (398) S (125) Schmiedeberg Badge (5) complete name: Otto Loewi nobel prize: medicine award year: 1936 together with: Henry Hallett Dale prize share: Prize share: 1/2 rational: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936 was awarded jointly to Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses." biography: Biography laureate facts: Facts laureate lecture: Lecture given name: Otto family name: Loewi occupation: pharmacist occupation: university teacher occupation: pharmacologist occupation: neuroscientist work location: University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria description: Otto Loewi studied medicine at the University of Strasbourg (then part of Germany) in 1891, where he attended courses by famous professors Gustav Schwalbe, Oswald Schmiedeberg, and Bernhard Naunyn among others. He received his medical doctoral degree in 1896. He also was a member of the fraternity Burschenschaft Germania Strassburg. Subsequently, he worked with Martin Freund at Goethe University of Frankfurt and with Franz Hofmeister in Strasbourg. From 1897 to 1898, he served as an assistant to Carl von Noorden, clinician at the City Hospital in Frankfurt. Soon, however, after seeing the high mortality in countless cases of far-advanced tuberculosis and pneumonia, left without any treatment because of lack of therapy, he decided to drop his intention to become a clinician and instead to carry out research in basic medical science, in particular pharmacology. In 1898, he became an assistant of Professor Hans Horst Meyer, the renowned pharmacologist at the University of Marburg. During his first years in Marburg, Loewi's studies were in the field of metabolism. As a result of his work on the action of phlorhizin, a glucoside provoking glycosuria, and another one on nuclein metabolism in man, he was appointed «Privatdozent» (Lecturer) in 1900. Two years later he published his paper «Über Eiweisssynthese im Tierkörper» (On protein synthesis in the animal body), proving that animals are able to rebuild their proteins from their degradation products, the amino acids - an essential discovery with regard to nutrition. In 1902 Loewi was a guest researcher in Ernest Starling's laboratory in London, where he met his lifelong friend Henry Dale. In 1903, he accepted an appointment at the University of Graz in Austria, where he would remain until being forced out of the country in 1938. In 1905, Loewi became Associate Professor at Meyer's laboratory and received Austrian citizenship. In 1909 he was appointed to the Chair of Pharmacology in Graz. He married Guida Goldschmiedt in 1908. They had three sons and a daughter. He was the last Jew hired by the University between 1903 and the end of the war. In 1921, Loewi investigated how vital organs respond to chemical and electrical stimulation. He also established their relative dependence on epinephrine for proper function. Consequently, he learnt how nerve impulses are transmitted by chemical messengers. The first chemical neurotransmitter that he identified was acetylcholine. After being arrested, along with two of his sons, on the night of the German invasion of Austria, March 11, 1938, Loewi was released on condition that he "voluntarily" relinquish all his possessions, including his research, to the Nazis. Loewi moved to the United States in 1940, where he became a research professor at the New York University College of Medicine. In 1946, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1954, he became a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. He died in New York City on December 25, 1961. Shortly after Loewi's death in late 1961, his youngest son bestowed the gold Nobel medal on the Royal Society in London. He gave the Nobel diploma to the University of Graz in Austria in 1983, where it currently resides, along with a bronze copy of a bust of Loewi. The original of the bust is at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Loewi's summer home from his arrival in the US until his death. image copyright: Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. image citation: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1936/summary/> date birth: 1873 date death: 1961 usual name: Otto Loewi
