| more general categories |
information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physiology or Medicine (216) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1994 (12) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1941 (16) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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New Haven (3) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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2015 (11) |
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| 17. Place of Death |
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17. Place of Death |
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Dallas (4) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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A (79) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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G (47) |
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| 21. Shared Given Name |
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21. Shared Given Name |
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Alfred (5) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Judaism (160) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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54 (21) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Biological Scientists (181) |
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| 33. Ethnic Origins |
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33. Ethnic Origins |
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Israel (197) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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Southwestern Medical Center (5) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (8) |
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Long-term academic staff (5) |
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Alumni (21) |
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Long-term academic staff (6) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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National Academy of Sciences (334) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (84) |
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Gairdner Foundation International Award (89) |
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John J. Abel Award (3) |
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Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize (50) |
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Richard Lounsbery Award (9) |
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| complete name: |
Alfred Gilman |
| nobel prize: |
medicine |
| award year: |
1994 |
| together with: |
Martin Rodbell |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/2 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 was awarded jointly to Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Alfred |
| family name: |
Gilman |
| occupation: |
pharmacist |
| occupation: |
chemist |
| occupation: |
biologist |
| occupation: |
university teacher |
| occupation: |
pharmacologist |
| occupation: |
biochemist |
| field of work: |
pharmacology |
| work location: |
University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, United States of America |
| description: |
Alfred Gilman was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He and Martin Rodbell shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells." Gilman was the son of Alfred Gilman, who co-authored Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics with Louis S. Goodman, from whom his middle name came. He earned a BA in biology with major in biochemistry from Yale University. Immediately after graduation in 1962, he worked with Allan Conney at Burroughs Wellcome & Company, which resulted in the publication of his first two technical papers. Persuaded by Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr., he joined Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine for an MD-PhD course. He obtained his degree in 1969. He then went to the National Institutes of Health to work with Marshall Nirenberg between 1969 and 1971. Gilman became Assistant Professor of pharmacology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine in 1971, and full professor in 1977. He chaired the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas from 1981. Upon his retirement in 2009, he was appointed chief scientific officer of the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas. He resigned in 2012. He was the founder of Regeneron company and the Alliance for Cellular Signaling. From 2005, he was also Director of Eli Lilly and Company. G proteins are a vital intermediary between the extracellular activation of receptors (G protein-coupled receptors) on the cell membrane and actions within the cell. Rodbell had shown in the 1960s that GTP was involved in cell signaling. It was Gilman who actually discovered the proteins that interacted with the GTP to initiate signalling cascades within the cell, and thus, giving the name G proteins. For his works, he received the Canada Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1984, Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize in 1989, in addition to Nobel Prize. He was elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fellow of the American Association for Cancer Research Academy, and member of the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1994/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1941 |
| date death: |
2015 |
| usual name: |
Alfred Gilman |
