| more general categories |
information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Chemistry (180) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1908 (7) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1871 (4) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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Nelson (1) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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1937 (6) |
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| 17. Place of Death |
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17. Place of Death |
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Cambridge (26) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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E (55) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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R (44) |
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| 21. Shared Given Name |
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21. Shared Given Name |
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Ernest (4) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Source data not available (465) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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38 (7) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Nuclear Engineers (3) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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New Zealand (3) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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Victoria University (3) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (69) |
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Long-term academic staff (44) |
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Long-term academic staff (13) |
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Long-term academic staff (2) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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Academy of Sciences of the USSR (80) |
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Academy of Sciences of Turin (33) |
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Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL (36) |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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American Philosophical Society (126) |
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Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (67) |
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French Academy of Sciences (89) |
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German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (179) |
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Pontifical Academy of Sciences (83) |
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Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (54) |
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Royal Society (294) |
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (111) |
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Russian Academy of Sciences (144) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Albert Medal (16) |
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Bakerian Lecture (30) |
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Copley Medal (60) |
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Elliott Cresson Medal (30) |
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Faraday Lectureship Prize (22) |
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Faraday Medal (15) |
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Fellow of the Royal Society (101) |
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Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand (2) |
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Franklin Medal (45) |
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Hector Medal (1) |
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Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (9) |
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Matteucci Medal (29) |
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Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (10) |
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Rumford Medal (17) |
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Wilhelm Exner Medal (19) |
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| complete name: |
Knight Commander Ernest Rutherford |
| nobel prize: |
chemistry |
| award year: |
1908 |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/1 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 was awarded to Ernest Rutherford "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Ernest |
| family name: |
Rutherford |
| occupation: |
professor |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| occupation: |
chemist |
| occupation: |
nuclear scientist |
| field of work: |
physics |
| field of work: |
nuclear physics |
| work location: |
University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom |
| description: |
Knight Commander Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791-1867). In early work, Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, proved that radioactivity involved the nuclear transmutation of one chemical element to another, and also differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation. This work was done at McGill University in Canada. It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances", for which he is the first Canadian and Oceanian Nobel laureate, and remains the only laureate born in the South Island. Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester (today University of Manchester) in the UK, where he and Thomas Royds proved that alpha radiation is helium nuclei. Rutherford performed his most famous work after he became a Nobel laureate. In 1911, although he could not prove that it was positive or negative,he theorized that atoms have their charge concentrated in a very small nucleus,and thereby pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through his discovery and interpretation of Rutherford scattering by the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. He conducted research that led to the first "splitting" of the atom in 1917 in a nuclear reaction between nitrogen and alpha particles, in which he also discovered (and named) the proton. Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge in 1919. Under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 and in the same year the first experiment to split the nucleus in a fully controlled manner was performed by students working under his direction, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton. After his death in 1937, he was honoured by being interred with the greatest scientists of the United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb in Westminster Abbey. The chemical element rutherfordium (element 104) was named after him in 1997. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1908/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1871 |
| date death: |
1937 |
| usual name: |
Ernest Rutherford |
