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information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physics (209) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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2018 (12) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1922 (11) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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New York City (56) |
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| 18. Living Winners |
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18. Living Winners |
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Alive (292) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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A (79) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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A (40) |
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| 21. Shared Given Name |
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21. Shared Given Name |
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Arthur (8) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Judaism (160) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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97 (1) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Physicists (206) |
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| 33. Ethnic Origins |
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33. Ethnic Origins |
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Israel (197) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (18) |
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Alumni (43) |
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| 43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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James Madison High School (5) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Physical Society (113) |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (4) |
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National Academy of Engineering (14) |
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National Academy of Sciences (334) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Charles Hard Townes Award (4) |
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Fellow of the American Physical Society (107) |
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Fellow of the Optical Society (14) |
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Frederic Ives Medal (9) |
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Harvey Prize (16) |
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IEEE Fellow (8) |
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National Inventor Hall of Fame (33) |
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Quantum Electronics Award (3) |
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| complete name: |
Arthur Ashkin |
| nobel prize: |
physics |
| award year: |
2018 |
| together with: |
Gérard Mourou |
| together with: |
Donna Strickland |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/4 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was awarded "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics" with one half to Arthur Ashkin "for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems", the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses." |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Arthur |
| family name: |
Ashkin |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| field of work: |
engineer |
| field of work: |
physicist |
| field of work: |
laser science |
| work location: |
Bell Labs, Murray Hill, United States of America |
| description: |
Arthur Ashkin is a retired scientist who worked at Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies. He started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light; this pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces. Ashkin has been considered by many as the father of the topical field of optical tweezers. Ashkin's pioneering work formed the basis for Steven Chu's work on cooling and trapping atoms, which earned Chu the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics. Within various professional society memberships, Ashkin attained the rating of fellow in the Optical Society of America (OSA), the American Physical Society (APS), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He retired from Bell Labs in 1992 after a 40-year career during which he contributed to many areas of experimental physics. He authored many research papers over the years and holds 47 patents. He was recipient of the Harvey Prize in 2004 and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1984 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 1996. Currently, he continues work in his home lab. Besides optical tweezers, Ashkin is also known for his studies in photorefraction, second harmonic generation, and non-linear optics in fibers. Recent advances in physics and biology using optical micromanipulation include achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic vapors at submillikelvin temperatures, demonstration of atom lasers, and detailed measurements on individual motor molecules. |
| image copyright: |
Ill. Niklas Elmehed. © Nobel Media |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1922 |
| usual name: |
Arthur Ashkin |
