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information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physiology or Medicine (216) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1978 (11) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1931 (14) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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New York City (56) |
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| 18. Living Winners |
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18. Living Winners |
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Alive (292) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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H (52) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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S (103) |
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| 22. Shared Family Name |
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22. Shared Family Name |
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Smith (5) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Source data not available (465) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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48 (21) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Biological Scientists (181) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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United States (307) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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Johns Hopkins University (5) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Short-term academic staff (9) |
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Alumni (16) |
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Long-term academic staff (14) |
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Alumni (11) |
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Short-term academic staff (13) |
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Short-term academic staff (9) |
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Alumni (34) |
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| 43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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43. Affilliation with Secondary School |
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University Laboratory High School (3) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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National Academy of Sciences (334) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (102) |
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Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research (9) |
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| complete name: |
Hamilton Smith |
| nobel prize: |
medicine |
| award year: |
1978 |
| together with: |
Werner Arber |
| together with: |
Daniel Nathans |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/3 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978 was awarded jointly to Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Hamilton |
| family name: |
Smith |
| occupation: |
biotechnologist |
| occupation: |
biochemist |
| field of work: |
microbiology |
| work location: |
Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218-2688, United States of America |
| description: |
Hamilton Smith is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate. Smith was born on August 23, 1931, and graduated from University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, but in 1950 transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned his B.A. in Mathematics in 1952 . He received his medical degree from Johns Hopkins University in 1956. In 1975, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship he spent at the University of Zurich. In 1970, Smith and Kent W. Wilcox discovered the first type II restriction enzyme, that is now called as HindII. Smith went on to discover DNA methylases that constitute the other half of the bacterial host restriction and modification systems, as hypothesized by Werner Arber of Switzerland. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for discovering type II restriction enzymes with Werner Arber and Daniel Nathans as co-recipients. He later became a leading figure in the nascent field of genomics, when in 1995 he and a team at The Institute for Genomic Research sequenced the first bacterial genome, that of Haemophilus influenzae. H. influenza was the same organism in which Smith had discovered restriction enzymes in the late 1960s. He subsequently played a key role in the sequencing of many of the early genomes at The Institute for Genomic Research, and in the assembly of the human genome at Celera Genomics, which he joined when it was founded in 1998. More recently, he has directed a team at the J. Craig Venter Institute that works towards creating a partially synthetic bacterium, Mycoplasma laboratorium. In 2003 the same group synthetically assembled the genome of a virus, Phi X 174 bacteriophage. Currently, Smith is scientific director of privately held Synthetic Genomics, which was founded in 2005 by Craig Venter to continue this work. Currently, Synthetic Genomics is working to produce biofuels on an industrial-scale using recombinant algae and other microorganisms. |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1978/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1931 |
| usual name: |
Hamilton Smith |
