| more general categories |
information about this item |
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| 10. Noble Prize |
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10. Noble Prize |
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Physics (209) |
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| 11. Award Year |
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11. Award Year |
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1921 (5) |
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| 12. Winner Type |
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12. Winner Type |
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Person (904) |
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| 13. Gender |
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13. Gender |
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Male (853) |
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| 14. Birth Year |
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14. Birth Year |
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1879 (6) |
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| 15. Place of Birth |
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15. Place of Birth |
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Ulm (1) |
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| 16. Death Year |
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16. Death Year |
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1955 (7) |
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| 17. Place of Death |
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17. Place of Death |
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Princeton (4) |
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| 19. Given Name |
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19. Given Name |
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A (79) |
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| 20. Family Name |
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20. Family Name |
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E (23) |
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| 21. Shared Given Name |
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21. Shared Given Name |
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Albert (9) |
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| 23. Religion |
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23. Religion |
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Atheism (75) |
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| 24. Age at Award Time |
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24. Age at Award Time |
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43 (15) |
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| 32. Occupations |
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32. Occupations |
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Physicists (206) |
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| 33. Ethnic Origins |
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33. Ethnic Origins |
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Israel (197) |
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| 34. Citizens |
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34. Citizens |
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Germany (98) |
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| 37. Worked for College or University |
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37. Worked for College or University |
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Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems (2) |
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| 42. Affilliation with College or University |
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42. Affilliation with College or University |
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Alumni (6) |
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Long-term academic staff (20) |
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Short-term academic staff (5) |
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Short-term academic staff (3) |
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Alumni (12) |
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Long-term academic staff (9) |
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Alumni (8) |
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Long-term academic staff (10) |
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Short-term academic staff (36) |
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Short-term academic staff (40) |
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| 44. Memberships |
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44. Memberships |
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Academy of Sciences of the USSR (80) |
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Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze detta dei XL (36) |
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences (531) |
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American Philosophical Society (126) |
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Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (67) |
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French Academy of Sciences (89) |
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German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (179) |
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Göttingen Academy of Sciences (26) |
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Indian National Science Academy (36) |
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Lincean Academy (51) |
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Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (64) |
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Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (54) |
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Royal Society (294) |
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (111) |
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Russian Academy of Sciences (144) |
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| 45. Other Awards |
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45. Other Awards |
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Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science (5) |
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Copley Medal (60) |
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Franklin Medal (45) |
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Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (7) |
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Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship (13) |
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Matteucci Medal (29) |
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Max Planck Medal (20) |
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New Jersey Hall of Fame (4) |
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Pour le Mérite (7) |
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Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (65) |
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Prix Jules Janssen (2) |
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| complete name: |
Albert Einstein |
| nobel prize: |
physics |
| award year: |
1921 |
| prize share: |
Prize share: 1/1 |
| rational: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." |
| biography: |
Biography |
| laureate facts: |
Facts |
| laureate lecture: |
Lecture |
| given name: |
Albert |
| family name: |
Einstein |
| occupation: |
scientist |
| occupation: |
writer |
| occupation: |
teacher |
| occupation: |
professor |
| occupation: |
physicist |
| occupation: |
mathematician |
| occupation: |
inventor |
| occupation: |
author |
| occupation: |
pedagogue |
| occupation: |
university teacher |
| occupation: |
science writer |
| occupation: |
philosopher |
| occupation: |
non-fiction writer |
| occupation: |
philosopher of science |
| occupation: |
theoretical physicist |
| field of work: |
theoretical physics |
| work location: |
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, Bern, Switzerland |
| notable work: |
quantum mechanics |
| notable work: |
general relativity |
| notable work: |
special relativity |
| notable work: |
mass–energy equivalence |
| notable work: |
theory of relativity |
| notable work: |
photoelectric effect |
| notable work: |
Planck constant |
| notable work: |
Einstein field equations |
| notable work: |
unified field theory |
| notable work: |
theory of Brownian Motion |
| description: |
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). Einstein's work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. Einstein is best known in popular culture for his mass-energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "services to theoretical physics", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on general relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the large-scale structure of the universe. He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research. This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced the idea of using the newly discovered nuclear fission as a weapon. Later, with the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, Einstein signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955. Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers along with over 150 non-scientific works. On 5 December 2014, universities and archives announced the release of Einstein's papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents. Einstein's intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with "genius". |
| pronunciation: |
(/ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈaɪnʃtaɪn]) |
| image copyright: |
Photo from the Nobel Foundation archive. |
| image citation: |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. <https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1921/summary/> |
| date birth: |
1879 |
| date death: |
1955 |
| usual name: |
Albert Einstein |
